(Board)ing Schools: Rudyard Kipling’s young heroes

Rudyard Kipling’s young male characters, namely Stalky (Stalky & Co. ) and Harvey Cheyne Junior (Captains Courageous), whom he portrays with noticeable admiration, exhibit, on the one hand, circumspection, stoicism, leadership, and stalkiness, on the other hand, the absence of scruples in manipulating those acting in loco parentis to achieve their desired ends. This article aims to examine how these characters can shed light on one another, allowing for a better comprehension of them both. Furthermore, it will explore how the religious archetype of the trinity permeates Stalky & Co.’s composition of characters, and how muscular Christianity shapes Captains Courageous. Stalky and Harvey thrive in a masculine world, access to which requires leaving women behind, substituting them with brotherhoods or identification with the father. The perfect man, Kipling postulates, is the resourceful and courageous rule-bending Christian who is able to keep women and natives in a state of obedience.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Valorisation of underutilized endogenous forest biomass

Biomass represents one of the renewable resources with greatest potential of application, being an efficient raw material for the use in many industries. The large amount of wasted biomass, namely forest residues, constitute a dramatic environmental problem. These residues are available in large quantities and poorly used, while boosting forest fires. The present work intended the valorisation of Portuguese forest residues, namely of Cupressus lusitanica Mill and Cistus ladanifer L., while contributing to a small-scale biorefinery within regional small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) premises to reach zero waste. A steam-distillation procedure was applied to each of these biomasses, resulting four distinct fractions: a) essential oils (EOs), b) hydrolates (Hs), c) distiller condensation waters (DCWs) and d) extracted solid residues (ESRs), which underwent chemical and biological activity characterization while different valorisations were tested. α-Pinene, limonene, δ-3-carene and sabinene were the main C. lusitanica EO constituents, whereas its Hs volatiles were dominated by cis-3-hexen-1-ol, camphor, umbellulone, p-cymene-8-ol and terpinen-4-ol. C. ladanifer EO major constituents were α-pinene and camphene, whereas 2,6,6-trimethyl cyclohexanone and trans-pinocarveol dominated the Hs volatiles. DCWs and ESRs showed a high phenolic content, mainly tannins. Catechins were the major compounds found in both species. Gallic acid, quercetin, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, salicylic acid, apigenin and syringic acid were only identified in C. ladanifer. C. lusitanica and C. ladanifer ESRs were both rich in lignin. All fractions showed antioxidant activity while Hs showed the highest anti-inflammatory one. Besides the potential of C. lusitanica and C. ladanifer biomasses as source of natural bioactive compounds, preliminary assays showed the potential of these biomasses in artisanal soaps and pellets production. A simplified economic viability study showed that the valorisation of these biomasses within the framework of a local small-scale biorefinery may be economically viable for SMEs.Silvapor - Ambiente e Inovação Ld

A Type System for Tom

Extending a given language with new dedicated features is a general and quite used approach to make the programming language more adapted to problems. Being closer to the application, this leads to less programming flaws and easier maintenance. But of course one would still like to perform program analysis on these kinds of extended languages, in particular type checking and inference. In this case one has to make the typing of the extended features compatible with the ones in the starting language. The Tom programming language is a typical example of such a situation as it consists of an extension of Java that adds pattern matching, more particularly associative pattern matching, and reduction strategies. This paper presents a type system with subtyping for Tom, that is compatible with Java's type system, and that performs both type checking and type inference. We propose an algorithm that checks if all patterns of a Tom program are well-typed. In addition, we propose an algorithm based on equality and subtyping constraints that infers types of variables occurring in a pattern. Both algorithms are exemplified and the proposed type system is showed to be sound and complete

Processo de conversão química da liga de alumínio 2024-T3 de aplicação aeronáutica

A presente tese teve por base o estudo da conversão química da liga de alumínio 2024T3 de aplicação aeronáutica. O trabalho experimental foi desenvolvido na OGMA, Indústria Aeronáutica de Portugal S.A., durante o período de, aproximadamente 1 ano, que coincidiu com a realização de um estágio profissional nesta empresa por parte da mestranda. A referida empresa, tem como actividade a prestação de serviços de Manutenção, Revisão, Modernização, de Aeronaves, Motores e Componentes, Fabricação e Montagem de Estruturas. Integrada na OGMA, encontra-se a área de tratamentos electroquímicos, TE’S, na qual são realizados serviços de manutenção de material aeronáutico e de peças de fabricação. Estes serviços baseiam-se em processos de electrodeposição e conversão química. De modo a garantir um controlo de qualidade e correcto funcionamento dos diversos processos existe, inserido na área TE’S, um laboratório químico. O presente trabalho experimental, realizado na área TE’S, assenta no processo de conversão química, por imersão, de provetes da liga Al 2024-T3, referente a todos os contratos da OGMA. Estes contratos possuem especificações para aplicação do revestimento de conversão química, por imersão, em alumínio e suas ligas. Estas especificações incluem requisitos de qualidade, nos quais se encontra inserido o controlo periódico do processo. Deste modo, o processo é sujeito a um controlo periódico mensal que consiste na avaliação da qualidade dos tratamentos. A qualidade dos revestimentos obtidos, por conversão química, é assegurada através da avaliação dos resultados dos ensaios aos provetes. O estudo experimental desenvolvido focou-se nos ensaios de resistência à corrosão (nevoeiro salino) requeridos nos contratos. O intuito de realizar um estudo sobre o processo de conversão química por imersão de provetes da liga Al 2024 T3 e subsequente foco no ensaio de resistência à corrosão (nevoeiro salino), assenta no facto de ter-se vindo a observar, nos últimos anos, corrosão por pitting em vários lotes destes provetes, após serem sujeitos às sequências de processo de conversão química e antes de perfazerem a totalidade de 168 horas na câmara de nevoeiro salino, não superando este critério de qualidade do revestimento. Na perspectiva de colmatar a referida situação, procedeu-se à realização de ensaios de despiste nos provetes representativos da liga, com especial incidência na variação dos intervalos de tempo de imersão, pré-estabelecidos pelas especificações aplicáveis, e observação do seu comportamento quando sujeitos ao ensaio de nevoeiro salino

Too many policy options, not enough diversity? A typology of tourism policy tools

The design a typology of policy tools specifically aimed at tourism policy at the local level represents the main goal and the original contribution of this paper. Based on market failures theory and the tools approach, we analyze the Weimer and Vining’s original typology supplemented by an empirical analysis of tourism policy tools adopted by local governments in Portugal. This empirical analysis uses a representative sample of 214 Portuguese local governments. The results suggest an alignment with Weimer and Vining’s original typology but also the existence of specific situations in Portuguese local governments requiring the expansion of this typology. Besides that, the intervention by Portuguese local governments in tourism relies primarily in the use of direct provision. For most municipalities, direct provision is still the main, sometimes the only, set of policy tools employed when addressing tourism market failures.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Do tourism policy tools boost local tourism development? The case of Portuguese municipalities

Based on market failures theory and the tools approach, this research extends the analysis of local governments intervention in tourism activity, exploring the relationship between tourism policy tools and the development of local tourism (Duncan, 1995; Cooper & Flehr, 2006; Blake & Sinclair, 2007). The engagement of the public sector in the development of tourist destinations is seen as understandable, in particular, the case of local initiatives aiming at the mitigation of tourism market failures (Elliott, 2002; Pearce, 2011). The goal of this research is to identify which tourism policy tools provide the greatest contribution to the development of local tourism in Portuguese municipalities.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Removal of chromium from wastewater by adsorption and by biosorption

The objective of this work is the definition of an efficient biosorption system based on the ability of some microorganisms, metabolica1ly active or not, to retain heavy metals, specially the hexavalent fonn of Cr. Metallic solutions were passed through mini-colunms in which a biotilm was developed at pre-established conditions. As industrial wastewater usually contains organic and inorganic compounds, besides metallic ions, it would be desirable to co-extract several pollutants at the same time. The utilization of granular activated carbon (GAC) as a support for the biofilm seems to be advantageous, as it can retain other substances while the biofilm removes the heavy metal. To quantify the contribution of GAC to the overall removal of chromium, adsorption studies were carried out with the determination the effect of pH and of the presence of concurrent species on the adsorption isotherms. Biosorption studies were done with three different bacteria, Pseudomonasjluorescens, Escherichia coli and Arthrobacter viscosus. Among microorganisms, bacteria are particularly interesting for the purpose as they are able to excrete polysaccharides allowing a good adhesion to the support, implementing the retention capacity of the biosystem and protecting the cells from the xenobiotic effect of the heavy metal ions. Removal efficiencies were compared between the three biosystems

Projeto "Viva a vida": estratégias de atuação para a prevenção do suicídio

Relatório do trabalho de Projeto para cumprimento dos requisitos à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Enfermagem de Saúde Mental e PsiquiatriaO presente trabalho, permite revelar como a elaboração de um projeto de intervenção em contexto real, foi promotor da aquisição de um conjunto integrado de competências dinâmicas, solidamente alicerçadas em conhecimentos e capacidades de compreensão de nível avançado na área científica da Saúde Mental e Psiquiatria, designadas como competências de Mestre em Saúde Mental e Psiquiatria. Segundo a OMS (2000), cerca de 20% das pessoas que tentam suicidar-se, se não obtiverem ajuda especializada, repetem essa ação no prazo de um ano, aumentando a probabilidade de eventualmente morrerem por suicídio. Como profissionais de saúde consideramos que a nossa atuação poderia ser um factor influente na inversão dessa tendência, pelo que decidimos desenvolver um projeto de intervenção nesta área, utilizando a Metodologia de Projeto. Este projeto de intervenção teve como alvo a pessoa com comportamento suicidário, que é assistida num Serviço de Urgência Geral e foi denominado “Viva A Vida”. Teve como objetivo, a diminuição da taxa de reincidência dos comportamentos suicidários e contemplou três estratégias de intervenção que foram selecionadas de acordo com a revisão da literatura e o diagnóstico de situação efetuado. Estas estratégias visaram, a sistematização dos registos, a sensibilização da equipa de Enfermagem, para a melhoria do atendimento à pessoa com comportamento suicidário, e a implementação de um plano de acompanhamento após a alta. A avaliação da implementação do projeto, permitiu concluir que a criação de um grupo de trabalho multidisciplinar para esta área, que promova uma melhor articulação entre o serviço de urgência, serviço de psiquiatria e Cuidados de Saúde Primários é decisiva, bem como a construção de uma rede de referenciação e a informatização dos registos.Abstract: This work reveal how the development of an intervention project in a real context, was the promoter of the acquisition of an integrated dynamic capabilities, firmly grounded in knowledge and skills of advanced level of understanding in the scientific area of Mental Health and Psychiatry, designated as, skills of Master of Mental Health and Psychiatry . According to OMS (2000), about 20% of people who try to commit suicide, without obtaining expert help, repeat this action within one year, increasing the likelihood of eventually die by suicide. As health professionals we believe that our work could be an influential factor in reversing this trend, so we decided to develop a project of intervention in this area , using the Project Methodology. This intervention project targeted the person with suicidal behavior, that was assisted in the Emergency Department, and was called "Viva a Vida”. Aimed to decrease the rate of suicidal recidivism behavior, through the implementation of three operational strategies, that were selected according to the literature review and diagnosis made,!which sought to systematize the records, aimed at raising awareness of the nursing team to improve the care of individuals who exhibited suicidal behavior, and implementing a plan for follow-up after discharge . The evaluation of project implementation, concluded that it is necessary to create a multidisciplinary working group for this area, which promotes better coordination between the emergency department, department of psychiatry and Primary Health Care, as well as build a referral network and proceed to computerization the records